Dekonstruksi Metafora Gender dalam Tasawuf Klasik: Membaca Ulang Narasi Emansipatif dalam Karya Ibnu ‘Arabi, Rumi, dan Al-Ghazali
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65244/jggm.v2i3.443Keywords:
Tasawuf, Gender, Hermeneutika, Dekonstruksi, Ibnu ‘Arabi, Rumi, Al-Ghazali, Patriarki, Spiritualitas Non-BinerAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendekonstruksi representasi gender dalam teks-teks tasawuf klasik melalui pendekatan hermeneutika kritis. Fokus utama adalah mengungkap potensi narasi spiritual non-patriarkal yang tersembunyi di balik metafora gender yang kompleks dalam karya tiga tokoh sentral: Ibnu ‘Arabi, Jalaluddin Rumi, dan Al-Ghazali. Penelitian menggunakan metode analisis teks kualitatif dengan pendekatan hermeneutika dekonstruktif. Sumber data primer meliputi karya fundamental ketiga tokoh, yaitu Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyyah dan Fusus al-Hikam (Ibnu ‘Arabi), Masnavi-ye Ma’navi (Rumi), serta Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din dan Mishkat al-Anwar (Al-Ghazali). Analisis dilakukan melalui eksplorasi tekstual, dekonstruksi binarisme gender, dan kontekstualisasi kritis terhadap realitas sosial-historis. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tasawuf klasik mengandung dualitas mendasar antara semesta metafora spiritual yang transformatif dan realitas institusional yang patriarkal. Ibnu ‘Arabi menawarkan landasan ontologis egaliter melalui konsep Wahdat al-Wujud, yang meruntuhkan hierarki esensial gender. Rumi menggunakan metafora erotis yang ambigu untuk mengaburkan batas gender dan mensakralkan sifat feminin. Sementara itu, Al-Ghazali memperlihatkan kontradiksi internal antara wacana normatif patriarkal dalam Ihya’ dan visi kosmologis inklusif dalam Mishkat. Tasawuf klasik bukanlah monolit patriarkal, melainkan medan wacana yang kaya akan potensi dekonstruktif terhadap binarisme gender. Pembacaan kritis terhadap metafora gender dalam karya ketiga tokoh ini mengungkap “arsip internal” yang dapat mendukung spiritualitas non-biner dan emansipatif. Namun, potensi ini sering terbelenggu oleh struktur institusional dan pembacaan dominan yang patriarkal. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya hermeneutika kritis dalam membuka ruang penafsiran yang lebih adil gender dalam tradisi intelektual Islam.
Downloads
References
Ahmed, L. (1992). Women and gender in Islam: Historical roots of a modern debate. Yale University Press.
Al-Ghazali, A. H. (1995). Ihya’ ‘ulum al-din [The revival of the religious sciences] (F. Karim, Trans.). Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyah. (Original work published circa 1106–1107)
Al-Ghazali, A. H. (1998). Mishkat al-anwar [The niche for lights] (W. H. T. Gairdner, Trans.). The Book Foundation. (Original work published circa 1106–1108)
Al-Sulami, A. ‘A. (1999). Early Sufi women: Dhikr an-niswa al-muta‘abbidat as-sufiyyat [Early Sufi women] (R. E. Cornell, Trans.). Fons Vitae.
Barlas, A. (2002). “Believing women” in Islam: Unreading patriarchal interpretations of the Qur’an. University of Texas Press.
Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.
Chittick, W. C. (1989). The Sufi path of knowledge: Ibn al-‘Arabi’s metaphysics of imagination. State University of New York Press.
Cornell, R. E. (1999). Early Sufi women: Dhikr an-niswa al-muta‘abbidat as-sufiyyat. Fons Vitae.
Ibn 'Arabi. (1980). Fusus al-hikam [The bezels of wisdom] (R. W. J. Austin, Trans.). Paulist Press. (Original work published circa 1229)
Jantzen, G. M. (1995). Power, gender and Christian mysticism. Cambridge University Press.
Knysh, A. (2017). Sufism: A new history of Islamic mysticism. Princeton University Press.
Moosa, E. (2005). Ghazālī and the poetics of imagination. University of North Carolina Press.
Murata, S. (1992). The Tao of Islam: A sourcebook on gender relationships in Islamic thought. State University of New York Press.
Rumi, J. (2004). The Masnavi: Book one (J. Mojaddedi, Trans.). Oxford University Press. (Original work published circa 1258–1273)
Schimmel, A. (1975). Mystical dimensions of Islam. The University of North Carolina Press.
Shaikh, S. (2012). Sufi narratives of intimacy: Ibn ‘Arabi, gender, and sexuality. University of North Carolina Press.
Tourage, M. (2007). Rumi and the hermeneutics of eroticism. Brill.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Golden Generation Multidisciplinary
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Journal of Golden Generation Multidisciplinary agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the Journal of Golden Generation Multidisciplinary right of first publication with the work simultaneously This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
